MySQL 9 在 Windows 下安装及使用
MySQL 9 带来了全新的体验，比如新增向量数据类型（VECTOR Type），支持存储多维数据（如数组），适用于机器学习、数据科学等对高维数据处理有需求的场景。MySQL 9.0在功能扩展、性能优化与安全性提升方面做出了显著改进，并引入了多项现代化技术以支持复杂应用场景。本文讲解如何在 Windows 下安装 MySQL 9，以及基本的 MySQL 用法。
下载
下载地址 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/9.html。
本例为：MySQL Community Server 9.3.0。
解压
解压至安装目录，比如 D 盘根目录下。
本例为：D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64。
创建 my.ini
my.ini 是 MySQL 安装的配置文件：
[mysqld]
# 安装目录
basedir=D:\\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64
# 数据存放目录
datadir=D:\\data\mysql
my.ini放置在 MySQL 安装目录的根目录下。需要注意的是，要先创建D:\\data\mysql目录。
初始化安装
执行：
mysqld --defaults-file=D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
控制台输出如下，说明安装成功：
D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
2025-05-29T07:42:02.917880Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2025-05-29T07:42:02.927349Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 9.3.0) initializing of server in progress as process 23776
2025-05-29T07:42:03.006423Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2025-05-29T07:42:03.471840Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2025-05-29T07:42:05.948650Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ch#Ey0tB%TY2
2025-05-29T07:42:09.190933Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.
其中，“ch#Ey0tB%TY2”就是 root 用户的初始化密码。稍后可以做更改。
启动、关闭 MySQL server
执行mysqld就能启动 MySQL server，或者执行 mysqld –console可以看到完整的启动信息：
D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin>mysqld --console
2025-05-29T07:45:26.490001Z 0 [System] [MY-015015] [Server] MySQL Server - start.
2025-05-29T07:45:26.773383Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 9.3.0) starting as process 5472
2025-05-29T07:45:26.803304Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2025-05-29T07:45:27.210571Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2025-05-29T07:45:27.743931Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2025-05-29T07:45:27.744233Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2025-05-29T07:45:27.791234Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060
2025-05-29T07:45:27.791433Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: ready for connections. Version: '9.3.0' socket: '' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.
关闭，可以执行 mysqladmin -u root shutdown。
使用 MySQL 客户端
使用 mysql 来登录，账号为 root，密码为“ch#Ey0tB%TY2”：
D:\dev\database\mysql-9.3.0-winx64\bin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 9.3.0
Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
执行下面的语句来改密码。其中“123456”即为新密码。
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
MySQL 常用指令
显示已有的数据库：
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.08 sec)
创建新的数据库：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)
使用数据库：
mysql> USE test_db;
Database changed
建表：
建表执行：
mysql> CREATE TABLE t_user (user_id BIGINT NOT NULL, username VARCHAR(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)
查看表：
查看数据库中的所有表：
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| t_user |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.157 sec)
查看表的详情：
mysql> DESCRIBE t_user;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| user_id | bigint | NO | | NULL | |
| username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.036 sec)
插入数据：
mysql> INSERT INTO t_user(user_id, username) VALUES(1, '老卫');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
查询数据：
mysql> SELECT * FROM t_user;
+---------+----------+
| user_id | username |
+---------+----------+
| 1 | 老卫 |
+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.014 sec)
