GitHub生产SSH密钥
在初始使用GitHub的SSH方式检出工程的时候，是需要设置SSH密钥的。本文介绍生成SSH密钥的过程。
问题背景
在新电脑上，当试图检出GitHub工程的时候，会提示如下告警“Permission denied (publickey)”。
D:\workspace\github>git clone [email protected]:waylau/waylau.github.io.git
Cloning into 'waylau.github.io'...
[email protected]: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.
此时就需要去生成SSH密钥
设置Git的账号和邮箱
因为是新电脑，所以在安装完Git之后，需要设置账号和邮箱：
D:\workspace\github>git config --global --list
fatal: unable to read config file 'C:/Users/wayla/.gitconfig': No such file or directory
D:\workspace\github>git config --global user.name waylau
D:\workspace\github>git config --global user.email [email protected]
D:\workspace\github>git config --global --list
user.name=waylau
[email protected]
其中--list用于查看Git配置，user.name和user.email用于设置账号和邮箱。
生成SSH密钥
生成SSH密钥示例如下：
D:\workspace\github>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\wayla/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in C:\Users\wayla/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in C:\Users\wayla/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:I+AU5AdjoMDyWQ6paW8rTK7LLLXXXO9LAHBe5ZkXdhmHYU [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|+ .+B +...++ |
|++o=.* + E |
|o=+==-+ |
|+oo*.o |
|..* . . S |
| o.* . . |
|+ +.. |
|.=.o . |
|+.o.o |
+----[SHA256]-----+
此时就会生成私钥和公钥文件在C:\Users\wayla/.ssh/id_rsa和C:\Users\wayla/.ssh/id_rsa.pub路径。
添加公钥文件到GitHub账号
步骤如下：
- 进入Settings.
- 在 “Access”点击“SSH and GPG keys”
- 点击“New SSH key”I
- 添加SSH公钥，内容复制id_rsa.pub中的内容
验证
成功执行如下命令，则验证通过：
D:\workspace\github>git clone [email protected]:waylau/waylau.github.io.git
Cloning into 'waylau.github.io'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 3140, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (571/571), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (263/263), done.
remote: Total 3140 (delta 298), reused 561 (delta 288), pack-reused 2569Receiving objects: 99% (3123/3140), 37.18 MiB |Receiving objects: 100% (3140/3140), 37.39 MiB | 3.05 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 28% (463/1651)
Resolving deltas: 100% (1651/1651), done.
参考引用
- https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh
- GitHub 帮助文档https://github.com/waylau/github-help
- 原文同步至https://waylau.com/github-generating-ssh-keys/
