用 Docker、Gradle 来构建、运行、发布一个 Spring Boot 应用
本文演示了如何用 Docker、Gradle 来构建、运行、发布来一个 Spring Boot 应用。
Docker 简介
Docker 是一个 Linux 容器管理工具包,具备“社交”方面,允许用户发布容器的 image (镜像),并使用别人发布的 image。Docker image 是用于运行容器化进程的方案,在本文中,我们将构建一个简单的 Spring Boot 应用程序。
有关 Docker 的详细介绍,可以移步至 《简述 Docker》
前置条件
- JDK 1.8+
- Gradle 2.3+
- Docker 最新版。有关 Docker 在的安装,可以参阅 《Docker 在 CentOS 下的安装、使用》。 如果你的电脑不是 Linux 系统,最好装个虚拟机,在虚拟机里面装个 Linux ,因为 Docker 的依赖 Linux。
用 Gradle 构建项目
创建目录结构
项目的目录结构因符合 Gradle 的约定。
在 *nix 系统下执行 mkdir -p src/main/java/docker_spring_boot
,生产如下结构 :
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── com
└── waylau
└── docker_spring_boot
创建 Gradle 构建文件
build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.3.3.RELEASE')
// tag::build[]
classpath('se.transmode.gradle:gradle-docker:1.2')
// end::build[]
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'
// tag::plugin[]
apply plugin: 'docker'
// end::plugin[]
// This is used as the docker image prefix (org)
group = 'gregturn'
jar {
baseName = 'docker-spring-boot-gradle'
version = '1.0.0'
}
// tag::task[]
task buildDocker(type: Docker, dependsOn: build) {
push = true
applicationName = jar.baseName
dockerfile = file('src/main/docker/Dockerfile')
doFirst {
copy {
from jar
into stageDir
}
}
}
// end::task[]
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
dependencies {
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
testCompile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
}
task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
gradleVersion = '2.3'
}
Spring Boot gradle plugin 提供了很多方便的功能:
- 它收集的类路径上所有 jar 文件,并构建成一个单一的、可运行的“über-jar”(德语,相关解释可以移步至 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11947037/what-is-an-uber-jar),这使得它更方便地执行和传输服务。
编写 Spring Boot 应用
编写一个简单的 Spring Boot 应用 :
src/main/java/com/waylau/docker_spring_boot/Application.java
:
package com.waylau.docker_spring_boot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 主应用入口
* @author <a href="http://waylau.com">waylau.com</a>
* @date 2016年3月19日
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class Application {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "Hello Docker World."
+ "<br />Welcome to <a href='http://waylau.com'>waylau.com</a></li>";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
解释下上面的代码:
- 类用
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
标识,可用 Spring MVC 来处理 Web 请求。 @RequestMapping
将/
映射到home()
,并将”Hello Docker World” 文本作为响应。main()
方法使用 Spring Boot 的SpringApplication.run()
方法来启动应用。
运行程序
使用 Gradle
编译:
gradle build
运行:
java -jar build/libs/docker-spring-boot-gradle-1.0.0.jar
访问项目
如果程序正确运行,浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/,可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。
将项目容器化
Docker 使用 Dockerfile 文件格式来指定 image 层,
创建文件 src/main/docker/Dockerfile
:
FROM frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8:slim
VOLUME /tmp
ADD docker-spring-boot-gradle-1.0.0.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"]
解释下这个配置文件:
VOLUME
指定了临时文件目录为/tmp
。其效果是在主机/var/lib/docker
目录下创建了一个临时文件,并链接到容器的/tmp
。改步骤是可选的,如果涉及到文件系统的应用就很有必要了。/tmp
目录用来持久化到 Docker 数据文件夹,因为 Spring Boot 使用的内嵌 Tomcat 容器默认使用/tmp
作为工作目录- 项目的 jar 文件作为 “app.jar” 添加到容器的
ENTRYPOINT
执行项目 app.jar。为了缩短 Tomcat 启动时间,添加一个系统属性指向 “/dev/urandom” 作为 Entropy Source
构建 Docker Image
执行构建成为 docker image:
gradle build buildDocker
运行
运行 Docker Image
docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.3.3.RELEASE)
2016-03-20 08:45:51.276 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Starting Application v1.0.0 on 048fb623038f with PID 1 (/app.jar started by root in /)
2016-03-20 08:45:51.289 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2016-03-20 08:45:51.722 INFO 1 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@669af5fc: startup date [Sun Mar 20 08:45:51 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-03-20 08:45:54.874 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
2016-03-20 08:45:57.893 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-03-20 08:45:57.982 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2016-03-20 08:45:57.984 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
2016-03-20 08:45:58.473 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2016-03-20 08:45:58.473 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 6877 ms
2016-03-20 08:45:59.672 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.695 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.701 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.703 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:45:59.703 INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2016-03-20 08:46:00.862 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@669af5fc: startup date [Sun Mar 20 08:45:51 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-03-20 08:46:01.166 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String com.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application.home()
2016-03-20 08:46:01.189 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2016-03-20 08:46:01.190 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-03-20 08:46:01.302 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.302 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.438 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-03-20 08:46:01.833 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-03-20 08:46:02.332 INFO 1 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-03-20 08:46:02.343 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application : Started Application in 13.194 seconds (JVM running for 15.828)
访问项目
如果程序正确运行,浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/,可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。
推送 image 到 Docker Hub
首先,你在 Docker Hub 要有注册账号,且创建了相应的库;
其次,docker 推送前,先要登录,否则报unauthorized: access to the requested resource is not authorized
的错误
执行:
docker login
输出为:
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker login
Username: waylau
Password:
Email: [email protected]
WARNING: login credentials saved in /root/.docker/config.json
Login Succeeded
执行推送
docker push waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
[root@waylau spring-boot]# docker push waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle]
751d29eef02e: Layer already exists
4da3741f39c7: Pushed
5f70bf18a086: Layer already exists
7e4d0cb13643: Layer already exists
8f045733649f: Layer already exists
latest: digest: sha256:eb4d5308ba1bb27489d808279e74784bda6761b3574f4298d746abba59b35164 size: 9415
镜像加速器
Docker Hub 在国外,有时候拉取 Image 极其缓慢,可以使用国内的镜像来实现加速
阿里云
echo "DOCKER_OPTS=\"--registry-mirror=https://yourlocation.mirror.aliyuncs.com\"" | sudo tee -a /etc/default/docker
sudo service docker restart
其中 https://yourlocation.mirror.aliyuncs.com 是您在阿里云注册后的专属加速器地址:
DaoCloud
sudo echo “DOCKER_OPTS=\”\$DOCKER_OPTS –registry-mirror=http://your-id.m.daocloud.io -d\”” >> /etc/default/docker
sudo service docker restart
其中 http://your-id.m.daocloud.io 是您在 DaoCloud 注册后的专属加速器地址:
源码
获取项目源码,
https://github.com/waylau/docker-demos 中的 samples/spring-boot-gradle
获取项目镜像, 执行
docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot-gradle